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Understanding Online Poker in the United States
Online poker has become a popular form of entertainment for many people around the world. However, the legality of online poker varies from country to country, and even within countries, different states have their own regulations. In the United States, the landscape of online poker legality is particularly complex. This article will delve into which states allow online poker and the various factors that influence this legality.
Legal Status of Online Poker in the United States
The legality of online poker in the United States is a topic that has been debated for years. In 2011, the Department of Justice (DOJ) issued a ruling that declared the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) of 2006 applied to all forms of online gambling, including poker. This ruling led to the closure of several major online poker sites, such as PokerStars, Full Tilt Poker, and Absolute Poker.
However, in 2013, the DOJ reversed its position and clarified that the UIGEA only applies to online gambling that involves real money. This clarification opened the door for states to regulate and legalize online poker within their borders.
States That Allow Online Poker
As of now, several states have legalized and regulated online poker. Here is a list of states that allow online poker, along with the platforms that offer the service:
| State | Online Poker Platforms |
|---|---|
| New Jersey | 888 Poker, Borgata Poker, PokerStars |
| Nevada | WSOP.com, Caesars Poker, PokerStars |
| Delaware | 888 Poker, Delaware Park Poker, Dover Downs Poker |
| Michigan | Partypoker, BetMGM Poker, PokerStars |
| West Virginia | Partypoker, BetMGM Poker, PokerStars |
| PA | 888 Poker, PokerStars, Borgata Poker |
| Connecticut | 888 Poker, Mohegan Sun Poker, Foxwoods Poker |
These states have all passed legislation that allows for the operation of online poker within their borders. Each state has its own regulatory framework, which includes licensing requirements, tax rates, and player protection measures.
Factors Influencing Online Poker Legality
Several factors influence the legality of online poker in the United States. Here are some of the key factors:
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State Legislation: The primary factor is the passage of legislation by state legislatures that allows for the operation of online poker within their borders.
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Regulatory Framework: Each state has its own regulatory framework, which includes licensing requirements, tax rates, and player protection measures. These frameworks must be in place before online poker can be legally offered.
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Geolocation Technology: Online poker sites must use geolocation technology to ensure that players are located within the state where they are playing. This is crucial for compliance with state regulations.
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Collaboration with Native American Tribes: In some states, online poker is operated by Native American tribes that have entered into compacts with the state. These compacts outline the terms and conditions under which online poker can be offered.
Future of Online Poker in the United States
The future of online poker in the United States is uncertain. While several states have already legalized and regulated the game, others have yet to take action. Some experts believe that more states will follow suit in the coming years, leading to a more widespread availability of online poker across the country.
However, there are also concerns about the potential for increased regulation at the federal level. The DOJ’s reversal of its position on the UIGEA in 2013 was a significant step forward for online poker, but the possibility of a reversal remains. Additionally, the rise of sports betting has sparked a debate over whether online poker should be included